Breast Cancer in Malaysia

What are the statistics for breast cancer in Malaysia? How common is it?

According to the National Cancer Registry Report, breast cancer is the leading cancer affecting women in Malaysia, accounting for approximately 34.1% of all female cancer diagnoses. Statistically, about 1 in every 19 Malaysian women is at risk of developing breast cancer in her lifetime. A significant proportion of cases are still diagnosed at later stages (Stage 3 and 4), highlighting the ongoing importance of routine screening and community awareness across the nation.

How can I reduce my risk of developing breast cancer?

While certain risk factors such as biological sex, age, and genetics cannot be changed, adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help lower your overall risk profile:

• Maintain a healthy body weight: Avoid excess weight gain, particularly post-menopause, as fat tissue can increase estrogen levels.
• Engage in regular physical activity: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, per week.
• Eat a balanced diet: Focus on whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and lean proteins while reducing processed foods and saturated fats.
• Limit alcohol intake and avoid smoking: Reducing alcohol consumption and abstaining from tobacco significantly benefits overall cellular health.
• Breastfeed if possible: Research indicates that breastfeeding for a cumulative total of one year or more may offer a protective effect.

What are the common screening and diagnostic tests for breast cancer in Malaysia?

The most common medical examinations and diagnostic tests for evaluating breast health in Malaysia include:

• Clinical Breast Examination (CBE): A physical examination performed by a doctor or trained healthcare practitioner.
• Mammogram: A low-dose X-ray of the breast tissue, widely recommended for screening women aged 40 and above.
• Breast Ultrasound: A soundwave imaging technique often paired with a mammogram, particularly useful for women with dense breast tissue.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Detailed imaging used primarily for high-risk individuals or complex diagnostic reviews.
• Biopsy (Core Needle or Fine Needle Aspiration): The extraction of a small tissue or fluid sample for laboratory analysis to determine whether a lesion is benign or malignant.

Is it normal to notice changes or lumps in the breast prior to my period?

Occasional breast tenderness, swelling, or localized firmness in the days leading up to a menstrual period is very common and usually related to normal hormonal fluctuations (cyclical changes). These lumps or areas of density often soften or resolve after the period ends.

However, if you notice a firm lump that persists after your menstrual cycle, changes in skin texture, nipple discharge, or a persistent area of thickening, you should schedule an evaluation with a general practitioner, gynaecologist, or breast surgeon.

How does a family history of breast cancer affect risk?

Having a first-degree relative (such as a mother, sister, or daughter) diagnosed with breast cancer increases an individual’s personal risk profile. In some instances, this is tied to inherited gene mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.

If you have a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer, a doctor can help determine whether earlier routine screening schedule recommendations or genetic counselling are appropriate for you.